The 352nd was formed in
St. Lo, Normandy, on December 5th 1943. The
division was built around the surviving elements of
the 321st Infantrie Division (which had been destroyed
at Kursk), the 268th Infanterie Division, and
Grenadier Regiment 546 (which were mostly survivors
from the fighting in Stalingrad). Along with the
above, other recovering veterans from all theaters of
the war who were in rest camps in France were assigned
to the 352nd. It was these men that formed the
base of the division. The Grenadier Regiments
under its command included GR 914, 915, and 916.
Most of the recruits
were born in the years 1925 and 1926 (from the
Niedersachsen area). Many were also "volksdeutshe,"
which are legally regarded as German citizens,
although they spoke bad, little or no German at all
(Polish corridor provinces & of Alsace-Lorraine). Considerable
problems were experienced when training them, mostly
due to shortage of supplies. Lack of ammunition meant
that before March, the soldiers were only given three
opportunities to fire their weapons live. Artillery
units had no sights for their guns as well as no
harnesses for the horses to transport them. Most
transportation of supplies was done by horse drawn
wagons. Training eventually did proceed better,
but was hampered by the time spent on construction of
coastal fortifications. On average a soldier spent
nine hours on such work each day, while training only
accounted for three hours.
Since most of the
officers were combat experienced veterans, their
knowledge of actual combat experience was passed down
to the new men during the training. Initially,
it was believed that the division would be deployed on
the Eastern Front, so training was geared to prepare
for this. In other words, the division would be
trained to fight outnumbered, out gunned, surrounded
for most of the time and never to surrender. However,
as early as January 1944, the division was assigned
the security of the St. Lo sector which was to include
a part of the Normandy Coast.
In June 1944, the
division was constantly on alert for the expected
Allied invasion, which finally came on the 6th.
Grenadier Regiment 916 were manning the beach defenses
along the area designated "Omaha Beach" by
the Allies and took a very heavy toll on the American
1st and 29th Infantry Divisions. Grenadier Regiment
915 was in reserve and would eventually see combat
against the British trying to link up with the
Americans around Colleville & Bayeux.
Grenadier Regiment 914 took part in the early fighting
against airborne troops of the 101st US Airborne
Division. Once GR 914 completed its objectives
against the paratroopers, it was ordered to link up
with the 709th Infantrie Division and would eventually
be involved in counter-attacks to retake Pointe du Hoc
then held by American Rangers. The battle on the
beaches eventually moved inland and the reduced units
of the 352 made many defensive stands and
counter-attacks.
The 352 carried on fighting around St. Lo in July.
The division was in very poor shape on 30 July, when
it was no longer considered combat worthy. At
the beginning of August, the division was withdrawn
for refitting in the area south-east of Alençon. The
division only spent about a week here before US forces
again closed in. Elements of the division would
became engaged in rear guard actions along the axis Le
Mans - Dreux.
What remained of the
352 Infantrie Division was merged with 581
Volksgrenadier Division on 21 September 1944 to form
the 352 Volksgrenadier Division.
Formed around Döberitz -
Berlin during September 1944, survivors of the 272
Infanterie Division along with men of the 575
Volksgrenadier Division were combined to form the 272
Volksgrenadier Division. The ranks were filled
with Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe men as well as
soldiers from other Army units. Officially, the
272 Volksgrenadier Division was formed at Berlin
Falkensee. The Grenadier Regiments under its
command included GR 980, 981, and 982.
At the end of October
the advance party was transported from Berlin
Falkensee to the Eifel - Ardennes area & the main
body departed during the first week of November.
In November 1944, the Division took position along the
West Wall, Monschau area. On December 6, 1944,
Gren.Rgt. 980, 11 Hetzers, and artillery counter
attacked units of the 8th ID and CCR of the 5th
Armored Division) at
the Battle of Bergstein. By December 15,
they rejoined the Division near Gemuend and prepared
to counterattack the nearby 78th US ID in order to
regain Kesternich on the eve of the Ardennes Offensive
(the 272.VGD never crossed the LD/LC for this
Offensive). As the tides of war changed, the
272, along with the 6th SS Panzer Army were forced to
defend against the 78th US Infantry Division in
Kesternich, considered to have been part of the Battle
of the Huertgen Forest. Again, they suffered
heavy losses.
They were again
attacked in January 1945, and by February 5, 1945,
were down to 6,000 soldiers in the Eifel. They
retreated across the Roer River February 28th, and
fought at Hoeningen on 16 March, which was a dozen
kilometers or so to the south of Remagen.
By March 17, still defending near Hoeningen, both the
remaining battalions of the Gren. Regt. 980th were
captured. All that was left was the regimental
HQ company and the AT & Inf. How. companies.
Two thirds of the 272nd Volksgrenadier Division
surrendered in the Battle of the Ruhr Pocket,
April 1945. Gren.Rgt. 980 made its way to the
Harz Mountains, where it surrendered to the US 1st ID
on 23 April 1945.
---
Thanks to Doug Nash for providing new information
concerning the battle history of this unit. ---